Susceptibility of Canadian Flora to EU2 Lineage of Phytophthora Ramorum and Pathogen Sporulation Potential

Authors
Simon Shamoun
Grace Sumampong
Robert Kowbel
Katherine Bernier
Marianne Elliott
Danny Rioux
Martine Blais
Alexandra Schlenzig
Resource Date:
2020
Page Length
12

Phytophthora ramorum is an oomycete pathogen and causal agent of a disease commonly referred to as sudden oak death (SOD). The pathogen also causes foliar blight and shoot dieback of nursery plants, including Rhododendron and Viburnum. It is responsible for the widespread mortality of tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) in coastal California and southwestern Oregon, as well as Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) in the U.K. Thirty-three plant host species commonly found in eastern (8) and western (25) Canadian landscapes and forest sites were selected for this study. Detached leaves/needles were inoculated with P. ramorum EU2 lineage mycelia which was isolated from a stream bait near an infected larch plantation in Scotland, U.K. There was a large variation in aggressiveness and sporulation potential among the evaluated hosts. Among the non-conifer species, the EU2 isolate produced the largest lesions on Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii), Camellia japonica (western species); red oak (Quercus rubra), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis), and white ash (Fraxinus americana) (eastern species). For conifer hosts, we found that the EU2 isolate was most aggressive on both balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in the east and grand fir (Abies grandis), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western larch (Larix occidentalis) in the west. As for sporulation potential, red alder (Alnus rubra) and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) in the west produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica). Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in the east was a potential spore producer but not significantly different from California bay laurel. Among the conifer species, western hemlock needles in the west were asymptomatic but produced a small amount of sporangia. The conifer host that produced the most sporangia/mm2 lesion area was white spruce (Picea glauca) in the east and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) in the west, which produced significantly more sporangia than California bay laurel in trial 1 but not in trial 2. Lesion area was biggest on grand fir (Abies grandis), balsam fir, and western larch. These results confirm the potential threat of EU2 lineage of P. ramorum to Canadian flora.