Linear features such as seismic lines built through boreal peatlands can have direct impacts on environmental conditions (e.g., soil moisture and thermal dynamics, and permafrost), ecosystem function (e.g., carbon accumulation and climate regulation) and biodiversity (vegetation recovery and species composition). Removal of vegetation to construct seismic lines reduces water intake and decreases evapotranspiration, which may contribute to higher soil compared to the adjacent ecosystem. High moisture makes soils more prone to compaction and subsidence, which further affects moisture and thermal regimes. Within permafrost regions, these impacts may contribute to permafrost thaw and damage. All of these factors lead to changes in species composition along the lines and reduces natural regeneration and vegetation recovery. Seismic lines prevail many years after construction, particularly in peatlands, with return to forest cover expected only after human (active restoration) or natural (via major disturbances) intervention. Here we present results from various assessments at different locations across the in situ oil sands of Alberta, where we have characterized changes in biodiversity and environmental conditions along seismic lines in relation to the adjacent forest and have evaluated their early responses to restoration.