This report explores specific examples of forest degradation using empirical evidence of the loss of structure, function, and/or composition in various forest ecosystems across Canada. These include 1) degradation of forest ecosystems (forest fragmentation, species composition outside the natural range of variation, impairment of function of belowground ecosystems), 2) degradation of wildlife habitats (affecting boreal caribou, bird species dependent on mature forests, and the amount of coarse woody debris), and 3) degradation of ecosystem services (increased risk of extreme flooding and wildfires). Without fundamental changes in forest management practices, incentives, and policy structures, forest degradation will continue to occur—unchecked and largely unmonitored—causing potentially irreversible harms to Canada’s forests and damaging Canada’s ability to meet its biodiversity and climate change commitments.